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Research Instruments

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Family of Origin Socioeconomic Stigma Scale (in preparation)

Assesses experiences of socioeconomic stigma related to an individual’s family-of-origin socioeconomic status, including stigma associated with both low and high SES.

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  • 11 item scale (two factors Low SES: eight items; high SES: three items) 

  • Likert options ranging from strong disagree (0) to strongly agree (4) 

  • High SES alpha = .79; Low SES alpha = .85. 

  • Linked with mental health outcomes accounting for childhood SES and other subjective and objective SES indicators.  

Slut-Shaming Instrument (2023)

The Slut-Shaming Instrument is a reliable and valid measure of negative peer experiences related to being perceived as sexually active or flirtatious in adolescent girls, and is linked to psychological distress.

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  • Seven-item scale

  • Likert options ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (more than five times)

  • Good factor structure, alpha = .83, significantly linked to daily slut-shaming experiences 

Explore Measure
Friendship Victimization Scale (2022)

Assesses experiences of victimization within friendships, including relational, verbal, physical, sexual, and controlling behaviors.

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Young adult version

  • 36 item scale 

  • Likert options ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (most days of the week) 

  • Two-factor structure, alpha = .93 

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Adolescent version

  • 28 item scale 

  • Likert options for the last three months ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (most days of the week) 

  • Three-factor structure, alpha = .94 

Self-Continuity Scale (2018)

Measures the extent to which individuals perceive their sense of self as remaining continuous over time, from past to present and present to future.

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  • Eight-item scale 

  • Likert options ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) 

  • Good factor structure, alpha = .61 

  • Buffers against victimization and homophobic victimization across multiple contexts  

Harassment due to Gender Nonconformity and Sexual Minority Status Scale (2016)

Assesses experiences of harassment attributed to gender nonconformity and to sexual minority status.

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  • Two six-item scales (Harassment due to gender nonconformity and sexual minority status, respectively) 

  • Likert options ranging  from 0 (never) to 5 (15 or more times in their lifetime) 

  • Gender nonconformity: alpha = .84, test-retest r = .90 

  • Sexual minority status: alpha = .82, test-retest = r = .93 

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